Ethylene glycol is an organic compound that shares characteristics with related substances like propylene glycol and glycerin – clear, syrupy, and odorless with a sweet taste. Its IUPAC name is ethane-1,2-diol but it is known also as monoethylene glycol. First discovered by Charles-Adolphe Wurtz in 1859, ethylene glycol is now produced through the reaction ethylene oxide with water.
Ethylene glycol mixes with water and attracts moisture, making it a versatile component for different industrial applications. This compound is fairly inexpensive and is readily available. It is mainly used as an antifreeze, which accounts for more than 50% of its global production, while another 40% goes to the production of polyester fibers.
Properties
- · Molecular formula: C2H6O2
- · Molar mass: 62.07 g mol−1
- · Density: 1.1132 g/cm3
- · Boiling point: 195°C
- · Melting point: -13°C
- · Density: 1.115 g/cm3 (20°C)
- · Viscosity: 26 cp (15°C)
- · Surface tension: 48.4 g/s2 (20°C)
- · Vapor pressure: 0.06 mmHg (20°C)
- · Vapor density: 2.6 (air=1)
- · Heat of fusion: 11.2 kJ/mol
- · Heat of vaporization: 50.5 kJ/mol
- · Heat of combustion: -1036 kJ/mol
Uses
Because of its reactivity and solubility, ethylene glycol is found in household products like detergents, paints, deicers, and cosmetics. Its widespread use as an antifreeze is attributed to its ability to lower the freezing point of water when added. This property also made the glycol an important component for products like heat transfer fluids, coolants deicers, and water-based paints.
Ethylene glycol is also an important precursor for plastic production. It serves as a chemical intermediate for different resins to come up with bottles, lacquers, enamels, synthetic rubbers, and surface coatings. Because of its hygroscopic property, it is also a valuable component of adhesives, artificial leather, paper, textiles, and glue.
Safety
Despite its taste, ethylene glycol is poisonous if swallowed. As such, extreme care is advised when handling the compound. Keep the chemical away from children’s reach and store in a cool, dry place. Ethylene glycol should be kept away from sources of ignition and incompatible substances like chlorosulfonic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, chromium trioxide, potassium permanganate, and sodium peroxide.
When ethylene glycol is swallowed accidentally, victim first experiences symptoms similar to intoxication until more toxic effects become apparent after a few hours. It may include dizziness, vomiting, convulsion, stupor, or if not treated promptly – coma and death. A chemical overdose can damage the brain, lungs, liver, and kidneys. It will take as little as 120 milliliters for the chemical to be fatal.
In cases of ingestion seek immediate medical help. If the victim is alert and conscious, give to four cups of milk or water as a first aid. If the victim is unconscious, never give anything by mouth.
